A Survey of Recent Advances in Deep Learning Models for Detecting Malware in Desktop and Mobile Platforms

Malware is one of the most common and severe cyber threats today. Malware infects millions of devices and can perform several malicious activities including compromising sensitive data, encrypting data, crippling system performance, and many more. Hence, malware detection is crucial to protect our computers and mobile devices from malware attacks. Recently, Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as one of the promising technologies for detecting malware. The recent high production of malware variants against desktop and mobile platforms makes DL algorithms powerful approaches for building scalable and advanced malware detection models as they can handle big datasets. This work explores current deep learning technologies for detecting malware attacks on Windows, Linux, and Android platforms. Specifically, we present different categories of DL algorithms, network optimizers, and regularization methods. Different loss functions, activation functions, and frameworks for implementing DL models are discussed. We also present feature extraction approaches and a review of DL-based models for detecting malware attacks on the above platforms. Furthermore, this work presents major research issues on DL-based malware detection including future research directions to further advance knowledge and research in this field.