Tebipenem and Sulopenem: Dynamic Duo or Double Trouble?

Purpose of Review Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health, leading to millions of antibiotic-resistant infections and thousands of deaths annually in the USA. One concerning issue is the rise of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacterales. Current treatments often involve intravenous carbapenems, leading to prolonged hospital stays and financial burdens. Recent Findings To address this, new oral penem agents, tebipenem and sulopenem, are being investigated. They are administered as prodrugs, enhancing bioavailability before becoming active in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially treating multidrug-resistant infections in outpatient settings. Despite promise in clinical trials, challenges exist, such as tebipenem’s renal excretion, requiring dose adjustments for kidney dysfunction. Additionally, sulopenem failed noninferiority margins in trials, and neither drug has established susceptibility testing standards. Summary Tebipenem and sulopenem offer potential oral solutions for antimicrobial resistance, especially in urinary tract infections, but further research is needed for optimal dosing and susceptibility testing.