A hybrid one‐step leapfrog ADI‐FDTD and subgridding approach based on a heterogeneous computing platform

The finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method often demands numerous grids for fine structure analysis, leading to high computational costs. To address this challenge, a subgridding scheme emerges as an attractive solution. However, the explicit nature of the FDTD subgrid method, constrained by Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) conditions, can lead to inefficiencies with complex structures. In response, the leapfrog alternating‐direction implicit (ADI)‐FDTD method, exhibiting unconditional stability, has been developed to overcome CFL limitations. This paper presents a hybrid approach merging the one‐step leapfrog ADI‐FDTD method with a subgridding scheme using heterogeneous computing. By optimizing hardware usage and leveraging different device performances, this approach maximizes throughput in heterogeneous systems. Central processing units and graphics processing units handle workloads to minimize system latency. Simulation results on heterogeneous platforms demonstrate superior efficiency over single processor setups while maintaining simulation accuracy, especially in analyzing electromagnetic scattering from multiscale structures.