Essential oil from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) for solid perfumes preparation

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the fruits whose consumption occasionally increases. Increased consumption of this fruit also impacts the skin as a waste material. Orange peel waste, if not handled properly, has an impact on the environment. This sweet orange peel fruit contains quite a lot of essential oils and has the potential to be developed for its benefits. This research aims to produce a solid perfume with a sweet orange aroma and antioxidant and sunscreen properties. This research consists of 6 stages: (1) isolation of sweet orange peel essential oil by steam-water distillation, (2) characterisation of sweet orange peel essential oil is the phase, colour, density, boiling point, refractive index, and specific rotation, (3) analysis of chemicals content in orange peel essential oil by GC-MS, (4) antioxidant activity test with DPPH and sunscreen activity test by UV spectrophotometer, (5) formulation of solid preparation perfume utilising an Indonesian Pharmacopoeia 5th Edition, and (6) evaluation formulation of solid perfumes. Sweet orange peel essential oil can be isolated by water-distillation technique, yielding 0.312%. This essential oil is liquid, light yellow in colour, with a density of 0.876 g/mL and a boiling point of 163.3 0C. refractive index of 1.468 (25 0C), and specific rotation (+)105.50 dm−1.g−1.mL. Sweet orange peel essential oil contains limonene (72.34%), octanal (5.64%), linalool (5.44%), β -myrcene (4.60%), decanal (2.24%), α -pinene (1.32%), cis-citral (0.98%), sabinene (0.67%), terpineol (0.65%), and β-pinene (0.10%). The antioxidant activity of sweet orange peel essential oil in the weak category, IC50 318.301 mg.mL−1. Sweet orange peel essential oil absorbs UV radiation and has the potential as a sunscreen in the lace category with SPF 7.3724. The antioxidant activity is through the radical scavenging mechanism, while the activity is through the absorption mechanism by the conjugated C=C double bond group. The carbonyl group or both compounds contained in this essential oil. The formulation of perfume solid preparations form of sweet orange peel essential oil resulted in three formulas. Formula F2 contains 5% sweet orange peel essential oil and 4% patchouli essential oil, has good results and is safe to use on the skin. Further development of sweet orange peel essential oil, related to other potentials, can add value and commercialisation of citrus peel and reduce citrus fruit waste.