The numerous facets of 1q21 + in multiple myeloma: Pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, prognosis and clinical progress (Review)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow and recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. The incidence of MM worldwide is on the rise. 1q21 has been found in ~30-40% of newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients.1q21 is associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease progression and drug resistance in MM. In the present review, the pathogenesis and clinicopathological features of MM patients with 1q21 were studied, the key data of 1q21 on the prognosis of MM patients were summarized, and the clinical treatment significance of MM patients with 1q21 was clarified, in order to provide reference for clinicians to develop treatment strategies targeting 1q21 .