Enhancing dielectric properties and thermal stability in microwave-synthesized Nd-modified barium titanate nanoceramics for possible MLCC applications

In pursuing enhanced performance for electronic applications, we synthesized ferroelectric materials, specifically Ba (1-x) Nd 2x/3 TiO 3 (BNdTx) nanoceramics, utilizing solid-state reaction techniques coupled with microwave heating treatment. Our investigation involved varying Nd 3+ -doping levels (x = 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) to tailor the material's properties. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single-phase tetragonal perovskite structure (space group P4mm). A comprehensive examination of the partial density of states for both undoped and Nd 3+ -doped BaTiO 3 was undertaken to discern the impact of Nd 3+ -doping on the energy bands. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of pores in the samples, accompanied by a reduction in grain size with increasing Nd 3+ content. The introduction of Nd 3+ induced a shift in the Curie temperature (TC) towards room temperature. Simultaneously, the dielectric characteristics exhibited a consistent value above 1900, with a low loss of less than 5% observed across a range of temperatures (30–100 °C). Notably, the sample with x = 4% demonstrated thermally stable dielectric properties, suggesting its potential suitability as a material for Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC) applications. Graphical abstract Integrating microwave sintering and ball milling techniques is a significant development in advanced materials engineering, specifically in producing Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC). The practical implementation of these novel methodologies is essential in decreasing particle size, which is a critical determinant in improving thermal stability. Ball milling further refines the particle size distribution, whereas microwave sintering guarantees a more uniform and fine-grained microstructure through its rapid and effective heating capabilities. The capacitors acquire enhanced thermal stability and a more refined material granularity through this synergistic combination. By achieving a more uniform and compact ceramic structure, these processes result in a finer particle size, enhancing the overall performance and dependability of MLCC capacitors. The increasing need for miniaturized and high-performance electronic components has focused on utilizing microwave sintering and ball milling. These processes are at the forefront of technological advancements in the pursuit of improved thermal properties and increased efficiency in manufacturing MLCC capacitors.