Topology optimization of radial flow field PEM fuel cells for enhancing water management

This paper investigates the application of topology optimization to enhance the flow field of circular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) by considering a water management model. Given the high computational demands of such a method, the model is simplified to a two-dimensional form, focusing on the cathode flow field. A multi-objective function is used to simultaneously maximize power generation, and minimize both energy dissipation and average saturation. The impacts of each objective function are deeply analyzed in different scenarios. The addition of the average saturation in the objective is pivotal for mitigating water accumulation issues providing valuable insights into effective water management designs. Through this innovative approach, topology optimization emerges not only as a theoretical concept but also as a practical tool for enhancing the performance and water management of PEMFCs, paving the way for future advancements in fuel cell technology. Graphical abstract