THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY CARE IN REDUCING HEALTH INEQUALITIES: A FOCUS ON PUBLIC HEALTH

Objective: This article aims to revisit and consolidate the scientific evidence available on the impact of Primary Care in reducing health inequalities. Through a critical and comprehensive analysis, it seeks to highlight effective interventions, identify gaps in current research, and provide tangible recommendations for public policies that promote a more equitable approach to health service delivery, thus seeking to contribute to ongoing dialog on how Primary Care can serve as a vital tool in building healthier and fairer societies. Theoretical reference: The theory of social determinants of health, developed by Dahlgren and Whitehead, highlights the direct influence of social, economic and environmental factors on the health of the population. Primary Health Care (PHC), by addressing not only medical conditions but also social determinants, emerges as a vital tool in reducing health inequalities. The 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration defined primary care as an essential component of health systems. The theory highlights the importance of accessible health services, community participation and an integral approach to health needs. Method: This study is based on an exploratory and analytical approach, aiming to comprehensively investigate the relationship between Primary Health Care (PHC) and the reduction of health inequalities. A retrospective design was adopted to analyze existing data and evidence, providing a holistic view over time. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant published studies by the cut-off date of this study. Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were consulted, using specific keywords related to PHC, health inequalities, and relevant theories. Results and conclusion: Case studies conducted in different geographical contexts revealed nuances in the implementation of PHC and its effects on reducing health inequalities. Communities that adopted a patientcentered approach and incorporated active community participation demonstrated substantial improvements in health indicators, corroborating applied theories. The analysis of local and national health policies highlighted the importance of a favorable regulatory environment to strengthen Primary Care. Regions that have implemented policies that prioritize equitable access to primary care have shown more positive results in reducing health inequalities. Research Implications: The results of this research provide important insights for public he