A Comparative Study on the Substitution of Nonmagnetic Ion T3+ (T = Al, Sc and Y; 0 ≤ × ≤ 0.2) on the Co2Sn1−xTxO4 Spinel Oxides to Investigate the Magnetic Characteristics

Co 2 Sn 1− x T x O 4 (T = Al, Sc, and Y; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) magnetic spinel oxides have been synthesized through solid-state reaction. The XRD pattern displays a single-phase cubic structure with space group Fd3m. Moreover, magnetic susceptibility results show that substituting trivalent non-magnetic ions improves the para-ferrimagnetic transition temperature, T C . Magnetic susceptibility results of direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) showed that the T 3 + substitution increased the freezing temperature of the spin-glass state, and was also beneficial to the growth of the spin-glass phase. The apparent magnetic exchange bias effect at low temperatures ( T