The Romanian Agri-food Chain Seen through the Lens of the FLW Phenomenon: A Research on Farmers, Processors, Distributors, Retailers and NGOs

The impact of food waste and food loss has garnered increasing attention in academic research and policymaking circles, highlighting challenges within the agri-food supply chain. In developed countries, various actors collectively contribute to food waste, while in low-income countries, issues derive from financial and technological constraints. Despite efforts to address food waste in Western economies, Central and Eastern European countries face challenges due to lack of standardised legislation and limited data. This study aims to explore stakeholders’ perceptions related to food waste in Romania and proposes strategies to mitigate it. It employed semi-structured interviews to collect data due to their flexibility and ability to capture personalised responses, based on European Commission recommendations. Participants were selected purposively from different categories, including farmers, processors, distributors, HoReCa representatives and NGOs. A total of 128 interviews were conducted, primarily in Transylvania (Romania). The study found a shared recognition among stakeholders of the need for improved legislation, increased awareness, and technological advancements to reduce food loss and waste. It also revealed common challenges, including inefficient distribution channels, lack of cooperative campaigns and inadequate infrastructure. Recommendations include implementing strategies such as food stock management, efficient packaging and storing as well as donation initiatives. The findings contribute to a better understanding of food waste and loss dynamics in Romania and offer insights for policymakers and stakeholders to address this pressing issue.