Sequential subspace methods on Stiefel manifold optimization problems

We study the minimization of a quadratic over Stiefel manifolds (the set of all orthogonal \(r\)-frames in \IR^n), which has applications in high-dimensional semi-supervised classification tasks. To reduce the computational complexity, sequential subspace methods(SSM) are employed to convert the high-dimensional minimization problems to low-dimensional ones. In this paper, we are interested in attaining an optimal solution of good quality, i.e., a ``qualified" critical point. Qualified critical points are those critical points, at which the associated multiplier matrix meets some upper bound condition. These critical points enjoy the global optimality in special quadratic problems. For a general quadratic, SSM computes a sequence of ``qualified critical points" in its low-dimensional ``surrogate regularized models". The convergence to a qualified critical point is ensured, whenever each SSM subspace is constructed by the following vectors: (i) a set of orthogonal unit vectors associated with the current iterate, (ii) a set of vectors corresponding to the gradient of the objective, and (iii) a set of eigenvectors associated with the smallest \(r\) eigenvalues of the system matrix. In addition, when Newton direction vectors are included in subspaces, the convergence of SSM can be accelerated significantly.