Improvement of small oyster mushroom and golden mushroom based on protoplast fusion breeding method

Traditional mushroom breeding faces many limitations in improving strains such as insufficient genetic diversity and long breeding cycles. To solve these problems, this study utilized protoplast fusion technology to combine the excellent shapes of different parents to generate strains with new genetic characteristics. The study first optimized the protoplast isolation and fusion conditions of small oyster mushroom and golden mushroom, and then screened and analyzed strain fusions to identify strains with excellent agronomic shapes. The results showed that the protoplast yields of small oyster mushroom X01 and golden mushroom J01 were excellent. These two samples then served as the matrix for strain fusion experiments, and the obtained equations had high reliability. The regeneration rates of small oyster mushroom under single-layer plate culture and liquid-solid phase combined culture were 0.44% and 0.41%, respectively. The regeneration rates of golden mushroom under these two culture conditions were 0.41% and 0.44%, respectively. Based on the results and the convenience of experiment, the single-layer plate culture method was selected as the culture method. In addition, the best inactivation effect of protoplasts was obtained by bathing in water at 50°C for 25 minutes. The fusion was significantly better than the parent strain in terms of growth rate and yield. The results indicated that protoplast fusion technology was an effective tool for improving edible fungi, which could effectively improve the breeding of small oyster mushroom and golden mushroom.