Microbiome of Supraglacial Systems on the Aldegonda and Bertil Glaciers (Svalbard)
Microbial biomass, diversity of culturable bacteria and micromycetes, and the number of functional nitrogen cycle genes in the supraglacial systems of the Aldegonda and Bertil glaciers have been studied. The biomass of microorganisms varies from 2.54 to 722 µg/g substrate. It is shown for the first...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Eurasian soil science 2024-04, Vol.57 (4), p.601-622 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Microbial biomass, diversity of culturable bacteria and micromycetes, and the number of functional nitrogen cycle genes in the supraglacial systems of the Aldegonda and Bertil glaciers have been studied. The biomass of microorganisms varies from 2.54 to 722 µg/g substrate. It is shown for the first time that the major part (78.7–99.8%) of microbial biomass in supraglacial objects is represented by fungi rather than by prokaryotes, and the main part (70 to 90%) of the fungal biomass consists of mycelium with the length varying from 6.70 to 537.51 m/g substrate. The counts of prokaryotes vary from 2.4 × 10
8
to 1.95 × 10
9
cells/g substrate. The length of actinomycete mycelium falls into the range of 2.6–62.61 m/g substrate. The counts of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes vary from 3.3 × 10
4
to 1.2 × 10
6
CFU/g substrate and of micromycetes, from 2.2 × 10
1
to 1.7 × 10
4
CFU/g substrate. Bacteria of the genera
Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus
,
Streptomyces
and micromycetes of the genera
Antarctomyces, Cadophora, Hyphozyma, Teberdinia
and
Thelebolus
are dominants. The micromycetes
Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus, Hyphozyma variabilis
and
Teberdinia hygrophila
are found in Svalbard for the first time. The copy number of
amoA
genes in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria varies from 5.33 × 10
6
to 4.86 × 10
9
/g substrate; of nitrogen fixation genes
nifH,
from 9.89 × 10
7
to 9.81 × 10
10
/g substrate; and denitrification genes
nirK
, from 4.82 × 10
7
to 3.34 × 10
10
/g substrate. These results indirectly suggest the leading role of fungi in the microbiome of the supraglacial objects in Svalbard and a considerable contribution of prokaryotes to the emission of greenhouse gases there. |
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ISSN: | 1064-2293 1556-195X |
DOI: | 10.1134/S1064229323603189 |