Research progress of biomass materials in the application of organic phase change energy storage materials

Phase change materials (PCMs) possess exceptional thermal storage properties, which ultimately reduce energy consumption by converting energy through their inherent phase change process. Biomass materials offer the advantages of wide availability, low cost, and a natural pore structure, making them suitable as carrier materials for biomass composite PCMs. Biomass composite phase change materials can not only address the issue of leakage associated with conventional PCMs during solid-liquid conversion, but also possess environmental protection and biodegradability characteristics. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the types and encapsulation methods of PCMs. Based on the current research, this paper introduces the fundamental characteristics of biomass composite PCMs and summarizes the preparation methods. Finally, the future development direction and application of biomass composite PCMs are discussed, offering new insights into PCM research. Biomass composite phase change materials (PCMs) play an important role in different applications by balancing energy supply and demand, while also improving energy efficiency through phase change.