Influence of laser energy on structural and morphology properties of CdO and CdO:Sn production by laser-induced plasma

In this paper, thin films of various thicknesses were generated on a glass substrate with PLD technology utilizing an Nd:YAG primary laser of 1064 nm wavelength and energies 400 and 700 mJ, frequency 6 Hz, and laser pulses 200 pulses to induce cadmium oxide (CdO) and mixing with tin (Sn). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the structural properties of the deposited thin films. XRD analysis demonstrated the growth of polycrystalline and cubic CdO with preferential orientation along the (111) plane, while Sn has a tetragonal structure. The results show an average crystal size of CdO at energies of 400 mJ and 700 mJ were 39.07 nm and 86.74 nm, respectively, and when CdO is mixed with Sn, the averages crystal were 23.87 nm and 35.32 nm respectively. The average roughness in CdO are 4.680 nm and 6.523 nm, while in CdO:Sn were 17.680 nm and 25.523 nm at energies of 400 mJ and 700 mJ respectively. As a result, all atoms have particle sizes in the nanoscale range. Cauliflower was the shape of the nanostructure in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image.