Laparoscopic Correction of Isthmocele and Cesarean Scar Endometriosis: A Report of a Successful Pregnancy and Treatment of Subfertility

We present a case of subfertility due to isthmocele and cesarean scar endometriosis with a successful pregnancy following laparoscopic repair. This case report is of a 35-year-old female (para 1, living 1) who presented to the gynecological outpatient department with complaints of lower abdominal pain, irregular vaginal bleeding for three months, and subfertility. She was suspected to have isthmocele and endometriosis at the site of the cesarean scar with seroma formation. She underwent a hysteroscopy and laparoscopic excision of the cyst at the site of the cesarean scar with the repair of the cesarean scar defect. Diagnosis of scar endometriosis was confirmed on histopathology. She successfully became pregnant after one year and had a full-term pregnancy and delivered via cesarean section. Cesarean scar defect, also known as isthmocele, emerges as a notable complication following cesarean delivery, often linked with secondary infertility. Other associated complications of scar defect are prolonged menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain. The laparoscopic reparation of the uterine scar defect proves to be a successful approach in addressing secondary infertility and subfertility issues. Individuals with a prior cesarean section history, expressing concerns about secondary infertility and distressing complaints, require a thorough examination of the uterine scar before embarking on future pregnancy plans. Scar endometriosis is an uncommon medical condition and can worsen patient symptoms and lead to further complications. Diagnosis is often established following the excision of the lesion and subsequent histopathological examination. Prompt management can relieve patient symptoms and prevent further complications.