Different Deep Eutectic Solvents in Lutein Extraction from Lyophilized Egg Yolk: Preparation, Screening and Characterization

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new member of green solvents with numerous advantages as compared to ionic and chemical solvents. In the present study four different DESs based on choline chloride, and ethylene glycol, urea, lactic acid and glucose were synthesized and used to extract lutein from lyophilized egg yolk powder. Results indicated that among four prepared DESs, combination of choline chloride and glucose could efficiently extract lutein with maximum concentration, color intensity and antioxidant activity of 7.29 ppm, 7.68% A.U and 13.4%, respectively. Results of elemental analysis showed that nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus were the main elements of the lyophilized lutein powder. Results also indicated that while, the selected DES containing extracted lutein had no antibacterial activity, the lyophilized lutein in powder form had low bactericidal effect against two bacteria strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , with clear zone diameter of 6 and 8 mm, respectively. Graphical Abstract