An Overview of Generalized and Localized Vulvodynia and Its Relationship to Female Sexual Dysfunction

Purpose of Review Despite the recent increased interest in the study of vulvodynia among medical investigators, the condition remains relatively obscure and poorly understood. Additionally, due to the various subdivisions of the disease process depending on location, temporality, and provocation, research is often restricted to a particular specific type. The goal of this paper is to synthesize the most recent and salient literature and provide a comprehensive overview of the various types of vulvodynia. Recent Findings One of the most significant recent developments in the study of vulvodynia is the formulation of the 2015 consensus definition. This definition emerged as a collaborative effort primarily involving three major global organizations dedicated to the study and advancement of women’s health (ISSVD, ISSWSH, and IPPS). The aim of this definition is to facilitate a more accurate classification of the various subtypes and subdivisions of vulvodynia, ultimately enabling more focused investigations. Summary In the past two decades, there have been significant advancements in understanding the epidemiologic, physiologic, and pathologic nature of vulvodynia and its symptomatic sequelae, surpassing previous knowledge despite its historical prevalence in women for centuries. However, there is still much to uncover. Evaluation and synthesis of the existing literature present numerous theories regarding frequency, prevalence data, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies for the various subtypes of vulvodynia. Yet, quantifiable data and randomized controlled trials remain scarce. Furthermore, there is a disproportionate amount of research on localized vulvodynia as compared to the other subtypes and subdivisions. This manuscript occupies an important role in the current literature by providing a contemporary and concise overview of the broad topic of vulvodynia and identifying optimal areas for future inquiry.