Cultures of power and politics: Two cases of the limits of anti‐essentialism in the political anthropology of lowland South America
Post‐structuralism's focus on hegemonic power, subjection, and political opportunity remains pre‐eminent in political anthropology, but its appropriateness for the post‐neoliberal conjuncture is up for question. While the arrival of neoliberal multiculturalism brought contingent identities and...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The journal of Latin American and Caribbean anthropology 2024-03, Vol.29 (1), p.61-70 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Post‐structuralism's focus on hegemonic power, subjection, and political opportunity remains pre‐eminent in political anthropology, but its appropriateness for the post‐neoliberal conjuncture is up for question. While the arrival of neoliberal multiculturalism brought contingent identities and strategic deployment of culture‐as‐product into focus, questions remain about how and why some groups mobilize to claim cultural rights while others decline to do so. For this reason, this article returns to an earlier concern in Latin American political anthropology with cultural differences in the conceptualization and execution of political organization and power. This argument is based on two ethnographic case studies—from the Venezuelan Pume and the Ecuadorian Shuar—that demonstrate the contemporary significance for indigenous politics of evolving autochthonous notions of power and their expression in conventional forms of social organization. These politico‐cultural qualities are already constituting the form and objectives of indigenous political action prior to their expression in the public fora whose terms and opportunities are often presented as driving indigenous people's politics. Such an approach is important for understanding the dilemmas of solidarity as indigenous groups become more empowered and diverse in their political orientations.
Resumen
El énfasis posestructuralista en el poder hegemonico, la sujeción y las oportunidades políticas sigue teniendo preeminencia en la antropología política, pero su relevancia para la coyuntura posneoliberal es cuestionable. Mientras que la llegada del multiculturalismo neoliberal trajo consigo un énfasis en las identidades contingentes y las reivindicaciones estratégicas de la cultura, preguntas como, por ejemplo, cómo y porqué (o porqué no) se movilizan ciertos grupos para reivindicar sus derechos culturales permanecen sin respuesta. Por esta razón, este artículo retoma un interés político‐antropológico latinoamericano en las diferencias culturales en la conceptualización y uso del poder y la organización política. Este argumento se fundamenta en dos estudios etnográficos–de los Pume venezolanos y los Shuar ecuatorianos–que demuestran la importancia que actualmente tienen las nociones originarias de poder y su articulación en modos convencionales de organización social para la política indígena. Estas características político‐culturales constituyen las formas y objetivos de la acción política indígena antes de q |
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ISSN: | 1935-4932 1935-4940 |
DOI: | 10.1111/jlca.12715 |