Phenotypic and genotypic study of biofilm formation in multidrug resistance bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection from diabetes patients

This study sought to identify and isolate the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in diabetic individuals as well as gauge their capacity to build biofilms. This study also sought to identify bacteria that were antibiotic-resistant. In this investigation, 37 urine specimens were taken from the diabetes center in AL-Sader Hospital/ Al Najaf Province for three months, from August 2022 to November 2022, and which 24 specimens included bacteria and 13 specimens did not. The bacterium-containing specimens comprised the following: Staphylococcus aureus was found in 7 specimens (29%), E. coli was found in 10 specimens (41%), Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in 4 specimens (17%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa was found in 2 specimens (8%) and Proteus mirabilis was found in 1 specimen (4.1%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests on microorganisms revealed that many of the germs were resistant to various antibiotics. This study demonstrated that all bacteria isolated could form biofilms using the tissue culture plate approach and that most bacteria could do so using the Congo red agar method. In this study, bacterial isolates that formed biofilms had higher in 66% in CRA method and 75% in TCP method and antimicrobial resistance than bacterial isolates that didn’t form biofilms. The E. coli biofilm-associated genes bcsA (70%), fliC (60%), csgA (60%), fimH (60%), papC (50%), and agn 43 (50%), among others, were genotyped in all 10 isolates. While aap was not present in any of the 7 isolates of S. aureus, S. aureus biofilm-associated genes icaA and icaD (28%) were detect in 7 isolated.