The China–Iran strategic deal and CPEC: Navigating the influence of pragmatic balancing in China's relations with Iran and Pakistan

This article argues that China is advancing its relations with Iran and Pakistan based on pragmatic balancing, a key component of soft balancing, to safeguard and advance national self‐interest. China's relationship with Pakistan is based on shared interests to counter the Indian hegemony in South Asia and end the Chinese energy security dilemma through an overland route of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The bilateral relationship has enhanced and expanded over the years, despite steep transformations in regional geopolitics. Meanwhile, abundant Iranian energy reserves and Tehran's willingness to support China against the United States in the Middle East encouraged the Chinese leadership to sign a strategic deal with no significant ramifications for Pakistan and CPEC. The fair‐weather friendship between China and Iran remains limited in scope, often suspending cooperation in various domains, including energy and defense. Nonetheless, an all‐weather friendship between China and Pakistan sustained the collaboration of security, economy, and diplomacy, meticulously representing sincerity and cordiality. Related Articles Bishwakarma, Jham Kumar, and Zongshan Hu. 2021. “Problems and Prospects for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).” Politics & Policy 50(1): 154–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12443. Singh, Amit, and Amit Sarwal. 2017. “Paraspara, Encounters, and Confluences: India's Soft Power Objective in the Indo‐Pacific Region.” Politics & Policy 45(5): 733–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12222. Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Saad. 2020. “American Global Supremacy under Threat? The Chinese Factor.” Politics & Policy 49(2): 502–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12402. Acuerdo estratégico China–Irán y CPEC: navegando por la influencia del equilibrio pragmático en las relaciones de China con Irán y Pakistán Este artículo sostiene que China está avanzando en sus relaciones con Irán y Pakistán sobre la base de un equilibrio pragmático, un componente clave del equilibrio blando para salvaguardar y promover los intereses nacionales. La relación de China con Pakistán se basa en intereses compartidos para contrarrestar la hegemonía india en el sur de Asia y poner fin al dilema de seguridad energética chino a través de una ruta terrestre del Corredor Económico China–Pakistán (CPEC). La relación bilateral ha mejorado y ampliado a lo largo de los años a pesar de las profundas transformaciones en la geopolítica regional. Mientras tanto, las