Farmers’ opinions on Lake Koronia management as an indispensable factor in integrated water management

Lake Koronia in Greece, a wetland of ecological significance, benefits from dual protection under the Ramsar Convention and the Natura 2000 network and serves as a thriving habitat for diverse plant and animal species. Regrettably, this crucial European biotope has experienced a substantial decline in environmental quality over the last 30 years, primarily due to the continuous extraction of groundwater for irrigation and the subsequent deterioration of water quality. This situation has resulted in water scarcity, environmental degradation, and a loss of biodiversity. The central objective of this research was to document the perspectives and attitudes of local farmers operating within the Lake Koronia basin concerning environmental preservation and agricultural practices. To achieve this, we employed structured questionnaires utilizing a Likert scale during one-on-one interviews. These findings were directly compared to previous research outcomes, providing insight into whether there have been shifts in opinions, particularly in light of the gradual implementation of restoration efforts in the area. While most farmers acknowledge Lake Koronia's international protection status, many do not readily accept responsibility for its deterioration stemming from excessive water extraction and nitrogen pollution. However, there is a notable willingness among the surveyed farmers to transition to alternative fertilization methods, cultivate less water-intensive crops, adopt improved agricultural practices, and even explore opportunities in ecotourism. This study's significance lies in the fact that any effective water management plan relies heavily on the acceptance and active engagement of the individuals dependent on the water resource. As part of an updated water management plan for Lake Koronia, the results from this study can form a valuable database concerning social parameters and considerations, facilitating more informed decision-making and sustainable practices in the region.