Sleep Disturbance and Cancer—Animal Models

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been linked to wide range of adverse physiologic and pathologic features, from cognitive impairments to increased risk of cancer. In this current review, we will discuss some of the emerging evidence connecting sleep disruption with cancer, by exploring different models of sleep disorders and how they appear to affect cancer. Then, we will summarize our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and finally, we will discuss the impact of sleep on one of the frequent and advanced cancer therapies, namely bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Experiments in animal models provide supportive findings, whereby each of the major components of SDB has begun to unravel their potential and complex effects on cancer biology, most likely via alterations in oxidative stress, angiogenesis, immune function, and sympathetic outflow. Future research is undoubtedly needed to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of SDB-related effects on cancer in general, and more specifically on cancer prevention, treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, BMT), and outcomes.