Will–skill–tool (WST) model of technology integration in teaching science and mathematics in the Philippines

The proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the twenty-first century has challenged the status quo of educational setting and led to a paradigm shift in teaching and learning processes. ICT use and integration in teaching then, becomes an essential component of pedagogical processes to have an effective teacher–student interaction and to optimize learning. While past studies have already established evidence that attitude toward ICT (will), ICT skills (skill), and availability of ICT resources (tool) elements are indeed important contributors to the integration of ICT in teaching, little attention has been paid yet to differences in these elements and in this model of ICT integration between subject areas of science and mathematics. Thus, this study aims to examine the significant differences in these factors between science and mathematics (S&M) teaching guided by the Will–Skill–Tool (WST) model developed by Christensen and Knezek (2001, 2008). Using independent samples t test and multiple linear regression, results show that science teachers had higher scores in will, skill, tool, and ICT integration indices compared to mathematics teachers. Findings also revealed that WST model of ICT integration differs between science and mathematics areas, particularly in terms of which among the factors had the strongest influence on ICT integration. The study recommends distinct approaches in providing capacity training development on ICT integration for teachers considering the context of subject specific area.