Dosimetric Indicators of Damage to the Digestive Tract of Monogastric Animals by Incorporated Radioactive Particles

Analysis of the dosimetric parameters of internal irradiation and biological effects in monogastric animals (rats, guinea pigs, pigs) caused by orally received “hot” radioactive particles causing ulcerative necrotic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract is presented. Mathematical models of particle transport and the formation of absorbed doses in the digestive tract have been developed. The features of the deep distribution of absorbed doses in the mucous membrane depending on the spectral characteristics of β-radiation of radionuclides that are part of silicate particles are given. It is shown that the main factors in the formation of ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract were the uneven distribution of particles in the contents and the concentration of particles in certain areas of the mucous membrane, followed by the formation of high local dose loads. The dosimetric scale of extremely severe, severe, moderate, and mild acute radiation ulcerative gastroenterocolitis is proposed, which allows extrapolating the results of model experiments on scenarios of radioactive contamination of the environment by particles of various genesis. The results obtained can be taken into account in the tasks of radiation safety.