Use of tuna bone waste as raw material for gelatin

The aim of this study was to use tuna bone waste as a raw material for gelatin extraction by utilizing the acetic acid derived from palm vinegar, and to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the extracted gelatin. The quality of gelatin was tested by determining the yield, viscosity, pH, and proximate composition using the completely randomized design (CRD) method and varying palm vinegar concentrations of 3%, 4% and 5%. The result showed that the concentration of acetic acid had a significant impact on proximate composition levels, yield, and viscosity but had no effect on the pH value. The gelatin exhibited specific physical and chemical properties, including yield (ranging from 5.9 to 10%), viscosity (2.83 to 4.30 cPs), water content (12.53 to 14.32%), ash (5.69 to 6.62%), protein (70.82 to 73.85%), fat (1.78 to 3.24%), and pH (4.57 to 4.83). Based on the physical and chemical tests, 4% acetic acid was the best treatment, which produced the lowest fat and ash levels of 5.69% and 1.78%, respectively. However, the protein content was not significantly different from the 5% concentration treatment at 73%.