Determination of heavy metal Pb concentrations in soil collected at Waru East Java Indonesia using energy dispersive-XRF

Pb contamination in environmental caused by industrial development became a complex public health issue. To investigate pollution status and ecological risk, the lead concentrations in environmental samples such as soil is needed to be analyzed. In this study, we will investigate the potential impact of industrial activities to the soil environment in industrial site in East Java, Indonesia. The soil samples were collected in Waru site, which is surrounded by several industries. A total of 26 samples were collected from sampling location with different depth 0-10 m (top surface) and 10-30 m (subsurface) with divided into three regions from the center point, radius 1 500 m, radius 2 1000 m and radius 3 2000 m. Soil samples were sundried and homogenized to 200 mesh. About 1 gram of soil sample was put into sample holder and loaded to sample changer of ED-XRF. ED-XRF spectrometer Minipal 4 equipped silicon drift detector and 12-position sample changer with sample spinner used to measure Pb in the sample. SRM NIST 2711a Montana soil used to evaluate Pb value from sample measurement. The results showed that Pb concentration in soil in all sampling area mostly are below regulatory standard for Pb in agricultural soil level limit. Concentration of Pb in soil samples obtained varies between 31,44 to 241,93 mg/kg. Based on 3 sampling radius, the highest concentration for radius 1, radius 2, and radius 3 were 186,14 mg/kg from west, 241,93 mg/kg from north, and 130,20 mg/kg from east, respectively. These results generally indicate that the level of risk in the Waru area of East Java Indonesia is low. Another result shown that south direction has a decreased trend from radius 1 to radius 3, which is correlated to the distance of the industrial area. The ecological risk of HI and HQ were also discussed. Our research provides a reference data to prioritizing future research.