Developing Additives Based on Russian Coal for the Thermal Hydrocracking of Heavy Tar 4. X-ray Diffraction Study of Coal Composition

The organic mass of coal from different fields is studied by X-ray diffraction. On the X-ray diffraction patterns, the amorphous carbon structure of the coal mainly corresponds to broad intense peaks due to its disordered stacking, with narrow peaks corresponding to the mineral component. X-ray analysis permits not only diagnostics of any carbon component but also determination of the dynamics and mechanism of phase transformations in carbon systems under the action of physicochemical factors. The mineral component of the coal mainly consists of oxidized silicon. Calcium is present in the coal’s organic mass. Iron and aluminum appear partially as organomineral compounds in mineral inclusions. The goal of the research is to select the optimal coal for the production of specialized activated carbon additives that may be used in the thermal hydrocracking of heavy oil-refining residues. These additives must meet requirements on their mineral composition and chemical structure.