Online state‐of‐charge estimation by modified Coulomb counting method based on the estimated parameters of lithium‐ion battery

Summary The state‐of‐charge (SOC) of the battery is the most critical parameter for an electric vehicle (EV) dashboard. Generally, the Coulomb counting (CC) method is used for SOC estimation, but the conventional CC method has some errors due to initial SOC determination. This work uses battery modeling and parameter estimation of a lithium‐iron‐phosphate (LFP) battery to determine the initial SOC. The equivalent circuit models (ECMs) have been used for battery parameters estimation by the least‐squares estimation (LSE) algorithm. This algorithm uses only experimental terminal voltage and current data from Arbin battery testing system. The ECM parameters vary with battery SOC, and the differential capacity plot has explained the variation. SOC can be estimated using estimated parameters and the relationship between SOC and open‐circuit voltage (OCV). Additionally, a modified CC method is proposed to solve the problem of estimating initial SOC by determining an OCV‐SOC relation using experimental data. The modeling of the battery is validated by comparing ECMs with physical battery terminal voltage profiles. In this paper, lithium‐ion battery parameters have been estimated by least square estimation method using experimental data and concluded that 2‐RC model can better represent the battery. After that, the SOC‐OCV relationship has been used to estimate initial SOC for estimating the accurate SOC of the 3S‐3P configured battery pack.