Abdominal neuroblastoma presenting as metastatic scrotal masses: a case report and review of the literature

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common solid cancers of early childhood, and it remains a vital clinical problem, with a 15 % mortality rate in children. In this report, we describe the case of a 5-month-old infant with scrotal masses, left hydrocele, and right undescended testes (UDT). A 5-month-old boy was referred to our center with bilateral scrotal masses as a first presentation and midline retroperitoneal mass. Unfavorable histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of NB. Left orchiopexy and herniotomy were performed with complete resection of paratesticular tumor. The patient received the standard chemotherapy regimen and no tumor was detected within 3 years of follow-up. Testicular and paratesticular organs are rarely reported sites for NB. The testicular area should be considered as one of the key points in cancer examination due to being a small and under-observed region for tumor enlargement. Additionally, biochemical analysis and ultrasound can play a crucial role in investigation of painless masses.