Characteristics of moving hot block and non-Fourier heat flux model on sinusoidal wavy cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid

This paper examines the natural convection in a sinusoidal wavy cavity filled with TiO 2 –Cu/water hybrid nanofluid under the effect of internal heat generation, inclined magnetic field and thermal radiation. The non-Fourier heat flux model is utilized for the formulation of the temperature equation. This type of wavy cavity investigation is suitable in the cooling systems of microelectronic devices, wall bricks, underground cable systems and mass and heat transfers occurring in chemical reactors. The dimensionless forms of governing equations and boundary conditions are transformed numerically using the finite volume approach via the SIMPLER algorithm simultaneously with MATLAB solver. The gained outcomes are portrayed graphically via streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt numbers. The heat transfer rate and fluid flow in view of internal heated and wavy walls play a significant role. The higher values of heat generation parameter increase the rate of heat transfer and decrease the local Nusselt numbers. Improving the undulation parameter increases the complexity of the flow domain and reduces convective transport as a result. When compared to TiO 2 nanoparticle, Cu nanoparticles generate a high heat transfer rate in Ha. The internal heat generation parameter is increased from − 2 to 2, it grouped the streamlines closer toward the heated wall and to the top of the cold wall.