Equilibrium properties of 2D electron systems in quantum wells and graphene

After studying the magnetotransport properties (Hall and Shubnikov–de Haas phenomena) of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system in quantum wells (QW) and graphene (Hidalgo Eur Phys J Plus 137(1):1–14, 2022), we now address the analysis of the thermodynamic or equilibrium properties of these systems (such as magnetization, magnetocapacitance or specific heat). Aside from the importance of those magnitudes by themselves, they also provide direct meaningful information about the global density of energy states of the system. Unlikely these properties, the transport and magnetotransport depend on the relaxation time, determined by the random scattering due to impurities and defects, which conditions the extended and localized character of the states. Therefore, this parameter hinders the easy interpretation of the experimental measurements and the extraction of information from them. In the present paper, we complete the study of the physical properties of a 2D electron system, just began in Hidalgo (Eur Phys J Plus 137(1):1–14, 2022), and now modelling its equilibrium properties.