Comparison of effectiveness of clonidine versus pregabalin as an oral premedication for hemodynamic response and post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia

The hemodynamic variables, i.e., heart rate, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure, along with the duration of post-operative analgesia, level of sedation, and any adverse effects were noted. Pregabalin; Clonidine; Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Hemodynamic Response; Post-operative Analgesia; Sedation INTRODUCTION Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation provoke transient but significant sympathetic stimulation which may lead to rise in plasma catecholamine concentrations followed by adverse hemodynamic changes such as tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia, and myocardial ischemia in both healthy and vulnerable patients/11 Although this transient response usually produces no consequences in healthy patients but may be detrimental to patients with a history of cardiac comorbid conditions such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart valve disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular diseases/2,31 The most common factors that may precipitate the stress response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation include lighter planes of anesthesia, anatomically difficult glottic view, greater force used to displace the tongue, prolonged time for the procedure, and more attempts at laryngoscopy and intubation/41 Laparoscopic procedures are safe and associated with minimal complications and rapid recovery. [...]we hypothesized that both oral pregabalin and clonidine given 120 min before induction of anesthesia would be effective in blunting hemodynamic response during perioperative period, i.e., during laryngoscopy and intubation, postintubation, at the time of pneumoperitoneum and extubation in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries. Statistical Analysis Based on the results of study by Parveen et al.t'" the sample size was calculated on the basis of MAP at 3 min after intubation in both groups, after taking standard deviation in clonidine and pregabalin groups to be 10.18 and 3.22 mm Hg, respectively, considering power of