Adaptive tracking control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles with state constraints

We investigate the adaptive tracking problem for the longitudinal dynamics of state-constrained airbreathing hypersonic vehicles, where not only the velocity and the altitude, but also the angle of attack（AOA） is required to be tracked. A novel indirect AOA tracking strategy is proposed by viewing the pitch angle as a new output and devising an appropriate pitch angle reference trajectory. Then based on the redefined outputs（i.e., the velocity,the altitude, and the pitch angle）, a modified backstepping design is proposed where the barrier Lyapunov function is used to solve the state-constrained control problem and the control gain of this class of systems is unknown.Stability analysis is given to show that the tracking ob jective is achieved, all the closed-loop signals are bounded,and all the states always satisfy the given constraints. Finally, numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.