Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Eysenhardtia polystachya and Assessment of the Inhibition of Glycation in Multiple Stages In Vitro and in the Zebrafish Model

The aim was to investigate the inhibitory activities on AGE formation by testing silver nanoparticles fabricated using a methanol extract of Eysenhardtia polystachya (EP–AgNPs) and characterized using various physicochemical techniques. The in vitro glucose-albumin assay was used, and cell viability was carried out in RAW264.7 cells. For In vivo testing, we induced diabetes in adult zebrafish with by providing a high blood glucose concentration. EP–AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 413 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum, indicating surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles. TEM indicated that most of the particles were spherical, with a diameter of 10–12 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.197, and a zeta potential of − 32.25 mV, suggesting high stability of the nanoparticles. The biocompatible nature of the EP–AgNPs was demonstrated in RAW264.7 cells. EP–AgNPs markedly reduced the formation of AGEs, Amadorin-product/fructosamine, Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine, amyloid cross β-structure, and protein carbonyl content in BSA-glucose system and increased total thiol-group after 4 weeks in hyperglycemic zebrafish, EP–AgNPs provided a protective effect against glycation. Data suggest that the inhibitory activity of EP–AgNPs on formation of AGEs is developed through a multiple-stage mechanism of glycation. EP–AgNPs could therefore be an antiglycation agent for prevention diabetic complications.