Design and analysis of 3 × 3 reversible quantum gates

Quantum computing is a modern technology that uses the laws of quantum mechanics to tackle issues like irreversibility and power dissipation, which are beyond the scope of traditional computing paradigms. To exploit quantum physics in many application fields, circuit design using reversible gates is a crucial task. In this paper, quantum implementation of three-input/three-output (3 × 3) reversible gates is presented. The functional matrices of most of the gates are presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, the quantum implementation of URG, FRSG1, R and JTF1 gates, which find importance in various practical applications, is presented for the first time in this paper. The paper concludes with a comparison of the performance parameters of reversible gates for efficient quantum circuit realization. It is shown that each gate has additional advantages in valid perspectives. The paper thus provides a useful library of 3 × 3 reversible gates for the implementation of higher-order quantum circuit design.