Sampling in the context of conformity assessment

[...]none of these estimates are true values of the measurement uncertainty, but the confidence interval within which the true value lies can be calculated [6]. In statements of conformity (of a given target/lot/batch) to a specification or standard, the decision rule employed must refer to the sampling target, not to an individual laboratory sample taken from it and received in the testing laboratory. [...]the concept of “appropriate sample” is of paramount importance. JCGM 106:2012 (2012) Evaluation of measurement data - The role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment.