Targeting keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, oxidative species and microbial infection by biological macromolecule-based chitosan nanoparticle-mediated gallic acid–rutin combination for the treatment of psoriasis

The study deals with the formulation of biological macromolecule chitosan-based Tween 80-coated nanoparticles to deliver gallic acid and rutin into the skin for psoriasis treatment. To optimize the nanoformulations for minimum particle size and maximum possible entrapment efficiency (dependent variables), 3 2 full factorial design was used to optimize the formulation. Concentration of Tween 80 and chitosan were independent variables. The optimized chitosan nanoformulation of gallic acid, rutin and their combination was explored against psoriasis using in vitro methods and HaCaT cell line. The results indicated excellent entrapment of drug in the chitosan polymer and Higuchi model of drug release. The optimized encapsulated Tween 80-coated chitosan nanoparticles containing combination of gallic acid and rutin showed the reduced keratinocyte hyperproliferation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity even better than the chitosan nanoparticles containing gallic acid and rutin individually in the nanoparticles. Anti-psoriasis like activity of Tween 80-coated nanoformulations of gallic acid may be attributed to faster penetration of the drug by increased permeation and fusion of drug molecules. Thus, the present in vitro investigation indicates that chitosan-based nanoformulations hold promising potential in the treatment of psoriasis. The activity was increased once we combine gallic acid and rutin. Graphic abstract