Population genetic structure of intensively exploited pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Lake Balaton (Hungary)

Pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) is a wide-ranged percid predator fish characterised by a great ecological value in the Eurasian freshwater and brackish ecosystems. It is also one of the most famous fish species of Lake Balaton (Hungary), where a unique (genetically separated) pikeperch stock lives. However, until now, no detailed information was available about the pikeperch population genetic structure in Lake Balaton. In the present study, the population genetic structure of the pikeperch assemblages in the lake was revealed by using microsatellite markers. Commercial fishery and angler catch data going back more than 100 years verified that the pikeperch has always been a key element of Lake Balaton’s fish stock utilization. Results of genetic data analyses showed that the pikeperch in the Lake Balaton forms a metapopulation system, in which only the westward stocks show certain separation. Moreover, it seems that the exploitation and mass fish kills that happened in the 1960s and 1970s may have had only a slight impact on the population genetic structure of Balaton pikeperch stocks. The information about genetic features and utilization changes of pikeperch stocks can help to develop area-specific management plans and ensure the long-term survival of this carnivore fish species characteristic of Lake Balaton.