Measures of Neuroplastic and Functional Rearrangements during Recovery of Motor Function during Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

This article reviews data on changes in indicators obtained from multichannel EEG, MRI, fMRI, and diffusion tensor tractography in poststroke patients during motor recovery. The main indicators most commonly analyzed in the literature on changes in the brain occurring both during traditional motor rehabilitation and during rehabilitation procedures using brain–computer interface technology are considered. Changes in the indicators discussed here reflect the dynamics of the involvement of the hemispheres, individual areas of the brain, and connections between them in solving motor tasks and constitute a manifestation of both instant functional rearrangements of the network and genuine neuroplastic (structural) changes in the brain. The functional roles of the hemispheres, individual areas, and connections between areas in the process of motor rehabilitation after stroke are discussed.