Micro(bio)robotics: design and applications

Microrobots are motile microsystems constructed using physical, chemical and biological components for operations with respect to definite applications. In the present review, we have discussed the various aspects of microbiorobots, their history, and design. While designing a microrobot, two critical parameters (and their varities)- actuation and sensing affect the different micromanipulation techniques to be employed (Magnetic, Optical, Electric, fluidic, or acoustic). The controlling and actuation system (Vision-based or Force-sensing) selected for the specific application can dictate the fabrication type to be used for manufacture the microrobot. The type of propulsion systems, Powering system, and mobility in a complex environment, and applicability of the microrobot further influence the controlling parameters. Presently, microbiorobotics have applications in biomedical and environmental engineering. In this review, we have analyzed various aspects of microbiorobot design, fabrication, and applications that can help future works in nanosciences and microbiorobotics.