Modern Approaches to Building Digital Twins of Products, Processes, and Systems, Including Production and Logistics Systems of Machine-Building Enterprises

Approaches to building digital twins of products, processes, and systems are discussed. A classification of digital twins of test objects by different criteria is presented. The stages of evolution of the concept of digital twins of products, processes, and systems and the trends of their future development are shown. The main approaches and technologies used to build digital twins of different types of objects are described. The production and logistics system of a machine-building enterprise is considered as an object for building a digital twin. The main problems solved using digital twins of the production and logistics system are described.