A review on adsorption of dyes in batch and column mode: Effects of operating parameters

The planet is facing significant threats of air, soil, and water contamination as a result of various actions of humans. Environmental impacts, in general, have become much more severe over the years, but water pollution is quite advanced. Organic pollutants can be found in a variety of industrial wastewater sources, including textile waste liquids. Direct discharge into natural waters would pose a significant risk to the marine environment. Although direct discharge to the wastewater system will adversely affect the future treatment of biological wastewater. Innovative methods for the treatment of dye-containing industrial effluents and wastewater are proposed as a means of overcoming this challenge. Adsorption is a low-cost, eco-friendly method that drew the scientific community’s attention as an efficient method for the removal of hazardous dyes. In this method, the best mode and adsorbents are chosen based on their simplicity, nontoxic adsorbents, minimal treatment costs, and moderate conditions. The removal of dyes is examined in depth in this review paper, which discusses a variety of batch and column adsorption design experiments. Several parameters influence the adsorption process, which is the foundation of all laboratories looking for the best conditions. The primary goal of this review is to provide current information on the most researched affecting factors for batch and column operating modes. Flow rate, dye concentration, and bed height are all parameters in column adsorption investigations and contact time, pH, temperature, particle size, agitation speed, and adsorbent dose were all compiled for batch adsorption investigations and summarized in this review.