Formation of Defects and Inhomogeneities in the Structure of Composite Materials Based on Aluminum-Manganese Bronze with an In Situ Introduction of Nickel and Titanium Alloys or Steel During Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing

The defect formation and the structure inhomogeneities of composite material samples made from aluminummanganese bronze with various strengthening components added during electron beam printing are studied. The results show a complex and diverse nature of interactions between the components during the electron beam printing of polymetallic systems differing in their structure and composition. The main defects are the pores formed in some cases during optimization of the printing modes. The other defects are the areas of mutually mixed material components formed at the substrate–sample interface, which affect the structure and properties of the resulting products. The components are stirred down to a depth of 10–15 mm from the substrate inwards the sample. The structure and composition inhomogeneities, caused by differing melting temperatures and densities of the components, are most numerous. The formation of these inhomogeneities generally correlates with the material layers deposited on the substrate and does not cause appreciable changes in the mechanical properties of the resulting materials.