Enhanced energy transport in high-mass flow solar parabolic trough collectors using Fe2O3-laden nanofluids

This study investigates an improved energy transport fluid for high-mass flow solar parabolic trough collectors. Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticle-laden water-based nanofluids with various concentrations were studied, covering Reynolds numbers from 3 × 10 4 to 2.6 × 10 5 . Heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and friction factor were analyzed and compared to the base fluid. A performance evaluation criterion is employed to assess the benefits. Notably, a significant enhancement in energy transport and performance evaluation was observed. Specific heat of nanofluids decreased due to nanoparticles, while thermal conductivity notably increased. Viscosity slightly increased. Doping with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles led to decreased specific heat, increased thermal conductivity and viscosity. At flow rate of 1.5 kg s -1 , nanofluid exhibited 49.21% higher surface heat transfer coefficient for 0.5% nanoparticle concentration that goes up to 57.97% 1.0%. The average Nusselt number and the performance evaluation criterion also increase with nanoparticle concentration in nanofluid and Reynolds number. Correlations for heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and Nusselt number were proposed as a function of Reynolds number and nanoparticle concentration.