Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 gene fusion: A case report and literature review

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion is a rare subtype of RCC. A 31-year-old male patient was admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (Zunyi, China) with a solid mass in the left kidney during a routine health examination. After ruling out surgical contraindications, the patient underwent a laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy under general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology and fluorescence hybridization (FISH) identified Xp11.2 translocation RCC. There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis during the 1-year follow-up. Xp11.2 translocation RCC is unusual, its clinical and imaging findings are not specific, and the diagnosis depends on TFE3-immunohistochemical assay and FISH analysis. Surgical resection is the first choice of treatment and its prognosis is worse than that of clear cell RCC, thus regular follow-ups are necessary.