A novel sol–gel assisted nanoporous TiO2/PS electrode-based carbohydrate biosensor

In this work, we have fabricated a novel electrochemical biosensor based on TiO 2 /PS. Heterostructure by sol–gel assisted with spin-casting technique. XRD profile showed the tetragonal phase of TiO 2 thin films. SEM images observed the nanoporous-like surface morphology. The film has 78 nm of grain size calculated from AFM analysis. The PL spectrum recorded a strong emission peak at 485 nm, 530 nm, and 545 nm due to blue and green emission. The enhancement of the electrochemical reaction was analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The fabricated electrode has shown the sensitive and stable detection of carbohydrates. The more consistent results showed that TiO 2 /PS electrode is a promising material for the carbohydrates biosensor. Most importantly, the TiO 2 /PS electrode achieved a correlation between the coefficient (R 2 ) and sensitivity 0.99 and 26 μA mM −1 cm −2 of glucose. Similarly, 0.98 & 16 μA mM −1 cm −2 for sucrose and 0.96 & 11 μA mM −1 cm −2 for starch.