The News Media Bargaining Code: Impacts on Australian journalism one year on

The Australian News Media Bargaining Code (NMBC) is the first successful legislative attempt to compel digital platforms to pay news media organisations for third party news content. This paper focuses on the NMBC after its first year to explore whether the Code was successful in meeting one of its publicly stated purposes; supporting public interest journalism. We argue that the Code delivered outcomes that met the ACCC's policy objectives around an industry power imbalance, but there are several issues that remain unaddressed. Using semi‐structured interviews from Australian news media executives involved in negotiations with Meta and Google during the initial implementation of the Code, we explore: (a) how news organisations used financial compensation provided by agreements under the Code, (b) how individual organisational priorities were framed and articulated, and (c) whether these actions have supported public interest journalism in Australia. Our findings indicate that many of issues with the Code have emerged mostly from the unintended impacts of the Code, including: lack of designation of platforms within the legislation, the registration criteria for news outlets eligible to enter negotiation, and the definition of stakeholder relationships within the legislation. 摘要 澳大利亚《新闻媒体议价法》(NMBC)是强制数字平台向新闻媒体机构支付第三方新闻内容费用的首次成功立法尝试。本文聚焦于NMBC实施第一年后的情况，探究NMBC是否成功实现了其公开声明的目标之一:支持公共利益新闻。我们论证，NMBC取得的成果符合澳大利亚竞争与消费者委员会(ACCC)关于行业权力失衡的政策目标，但仍有几个问题尚未解决。通过对“在NMBC最初实施期间参与Meta和Google谈判的澳大利亚新闻媒体高管”进行的半结构化访谈，我们探究了:a)新闻机构如何使用NMBC协议提供的经济补偿，b)各个组织的优先事项如何被建构和阐述，c)这些行动是否支持了澳大利亚的公共利益新闻。我们的研究结果表明，NMBC的许多问题主要是由于NMBC的意外影响而产生的，这包括:法律中缺乏平台指定、有资格参与谈判的新闻媒体的登记标准、以及法律中关于内部利益攸关方关系的定义。 Resume El Código de Negociación de Medios de Noticias de Australia (NMBC) es el primer intento legislativo exitoso de obligar a las plataformas digitales a pagar a las organizaciones de medios de comunicación por el contenido de noticias de terceros. Este documento se centra en el NMBC después de su primer año para explorar si el Código logró cumplir con uno de sus propósitos declarados públicamente; apoyar el periodismo de interés público. Argumentamos que el Código entregó resultados que cumplieron con los objetivos de la política de la ACCC en torno a un desequilibrio de poder de la industria, pero hay varios problemas que siguen sin abordarse. Usando entrevistas semiestructuradas de ejecutivos de medios de comunicación australianos involucrados en negociaciones con Meta y Google durante la implementació