The antiallergy activity of docosahexaenoic acid: A brief review

The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing worldwide. Allergy is known to be linked to lifestyle and diet. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid found in oily fish and microalgae. DHA is of great interest due to its various beneficial effects on the well-being and health of humans. Furthermore, a number of studies indicate a link between DHA and allergy. This review aims to describe the involvement of DHA in allergy development and allergic responses. Evidence-based research in humans indicates a potential protective effect of DHA consumption on allergy development although it is still controversial. Additionally, DHA has been demonstrated to possess antiallergy activity in laboratory animals and cell-based assays. Recent mechanistic investigations have suggested that not only DHA but its metabolites can be promising agents to prevent the incidence of allergic disease and attenuate allergic symptoms in the near future.