Investigation of the Intensity of Residual Stresses in a Growing Body Obtained by the Electric Arc Method

The article investigates the intensity of residual stresses formed in the body (wall) of low-carbon steel obtained by layer-by-layer arc surfacing. The growing material is assumed to be elastic-plastic, with the deformations being small and consisting of elastic and plastic types. Elastic deformations are related to stresses by the Duhamel–Neumann law, while plastic deformations arise and develop due to plastic flow within the framework of the associated law. To determine the real yield strength, a full-scale experiment was carried out, during which flat samples were cut out of the wall obtained by layer-by-layer electric arc growth and tested for tension at different speeds in a tensile testing machine, resulting in a deformation curve, which was used to select the viscous plastic Mises flow condition. The process of layer- by-layer metal growth was mathematically modeled, and residual stresses were calculated. As a result of solving the problem, it was found that in order to improve the additive technology, the surfacing layer should be the smallest, and the growing body temperature should be high.